Editor’s Note: The fifth session of the Intergovernmental Conference (on an international legally binding instrument under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction) began in New York today, on August 15, and will end on August 26. At the Conference, WWF delegates will be monitoring proceedings and calling on nations to stop delaying this historic milestone, hailed as the most significant ocean protection agreement to be negotiated in the last few decades. What follows here is WWF’s take on what needs to be done in New York and why.
UN member states must agree this year on how to protect and manage the high seas, which cover half the planet. The high seas play a vital role in supporting fisheries, providing habitat for hundreds of thousands of species and mitigating climate change impacts, but are currently severely underregulated resulting in widespread exploitation.
WWF calls on UN member states to agree on an ambitious, legally-binding global treaty to protect marine life in the two-thirds of the ocean that lie beyond national jurisdiction, when they meet at the fifth session of the Intergovernmental Conference this August.
UN resumes talks to protect the high seas.
After four inconclusive sessions, member states on Monday will resume talks aimed at finally completing a treaty to protect the world's high seas, a vital yet fragile resource that covers nearly half the planethttps://t.co/YV6eTY5RcH pic.twitter.com/1XuSYk2iKU
— AFP News Agency (@AFP) August 15, 2022
“The high seas epitomize the tragedy of the commons. Because they don’t ‘belong’ to anyone, they have been treated recklessly with impunity. We need a common governance mechanism for our ocean to ensure that nobody’s waters become everybody’s waters – and everyone’s responsibility,” said WWF International Director General Marco Lambertini.
“Fifty nations have already pledged to achieve an ambitious ocean treaty that would lay the groundwork for protecting 30% of the ocean and assess the environmental impact of activities on the high seas. We call on remaining UN member states to do the same and bring home a resounding result to years of negotiations. Leaders must deliver a robust and equitable biodiversity treaty for the high seas that can help us reverse nature loss this decade and secure, for all, a healthier and sustainable future.”
UN member states in NewYork have the chance to turn the ‘high seas’ from ‘nobody’s waters’ to ‘everyone’s waters’ (and everyone’s responsibility!)
Crucial for the health of #ocean@ThomsonFiji @UNBiodiversity @FriendsofOcean https://t.co/SwZLuJU0CX
— Marco Lambertini (@WWF_DG) August 15, 2022
The ocean treaty can be a game changer in protecting the exceptional natural values of the high seas and building the resilience of economically important fisheries. But this requires negotiators to step up significantly to heed global ambitions.
Global ambitions to protect 30% of our ocean by 2030 cannot be achieved without a framework to designate and manage protected areas beyond national jurisdiction. The ocean treaty under negotiation aims to spell out for nations, through a robust and equitable governance mechanism, how to conserve and sustainably use the shared resources of the high seas.
At the same time, such a mechanism can benefit those who depend on fishing for food security and livelihoods by putting in place restrictions in protected areas that prevent overfishing and other destructive practices, paving the way for healthier fish populations.
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The ocean absorbs more than 90% of the world’s excess heat caused by human-induced global warming, and this stressor is exacerbated by overfishing and pollution. A robust ocean treaty can mitigate some of these threats and give our ocean, the planet’s largest carbon sink, a chance to recover.
For the new treaty to live up to its game-changing potential, WWF is calling on negotiators to resolve key issues, namely in providing for enhanced cooperation; ensuring the designation and monitoring of marine protected areas in the high seas; subjecting all planned high seas activities to an environmental impact assessment process; clarifying the choice of regime for handling marine genetic resources; and putting in place and strengthening capacity-building, technology transfer, and reporting mechanisms.
More specifically, the key issues involve:
- Enhanced cooperation: In 2011, the UN General Assembly outlined the main issues to be addressed by the ocean treaty, and states clearly wanted a robust and ambitious agreement. WWF believes that this ‘high ambition’ needs an ‘enhanced cooperation’ regime that fills gaps in existing arrangements, elaborates and operationalises the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea general duty to cooperate, and facilitates cooperation to implement the many obligations and commitments set out in existing treaties and relevant decisions of international bodies.
- Marine Protected Areas (MPAs): The treaty needs to fill the legal gap under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea to set out a globally recognised mechanism for establishing MPAs in areas beyond national jurisdiction. This would include a Conference of the Parties in charge of designating MPAs in such areas.
- Environmental Impact Assessment: Operationalising the obligation set out in the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea to subject all planned activities in areas beyond national jurisdiction to an environmental impact assessment process, regardless of their projected environmental impact, as part of states’ duty to protect and preserve the marine environment, was also identified as a key implementation gap. Strategic Environmental Assessments would help reduce the cumulative impacts upon the ocean.
- Marine Genetic Resources: States remain keen to resolve the diplomatic standoff over choice of regime for handling marine genetic resources issues. The last round of negotiations should prove helpful in framing the decisions that need to be made by negotiators.
- Capacity Building and Transfer of Marine Technology: In adopting the Sustainable Development Goals and associated targets, states committed to doing more to help and support each other, including through capacity building and technology transfer arrangements. There is much that can and should be done through implementing an ambitious ocean treaty – including proper reporting so that progress can be followed.
“The ocean is under pressure from increasing human activities, and a new ocean treaty is essential to alleviate that pressure by ensuring all these activities are managed holistically, with marine biodiversity, ecosystem functions and services to humanity at its heart. Only then can we set the ocean on a path to recovery and sustainability,” said Jessica Battle, Senior Global Ocean Governance and Policy Expert at WWF.
“Leaving half our planet a poorly regulated free-for-all benefits no one in the end. This negotiating session must aim for the most ambitious compromise attainable. It’s time to set aside self-interest and make the right choices for the future of our ocean, our climate and our communities.”
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For more details on what needs to be done and why, please refer to this briefing note WWF has prepared for leaders and ocean treaty negotiators.
For further information, please contact news@wwfint.org.
About WWF:
WWF is an independent conservation organization, with over 30 million supporters and a global network active in over 100 countries. WWF’s mission is to stop the degradation of the Earth’s natural environment and to build a future in which humans live in harmony with nature, by conserving the world’s biological diversity, ensuring that the use of renewable natural resources is sustainable, and promoting the reduction of pollution and wasteful consumption. Visit www.panda.org/news for the latest news and media resources and follow us on Twitter @WWF_media.
Editor’s Note: The opinions expressed here by the authors are their own, not those of Impakter.com — In the Featured Photo: Sea turtle swimming in the ocean. Featured Photo Credit: Wikimedia Commons.
